If I received an I-797C can i still be deported if stopped by immigration?

I-797c is a Receipt for an I-130 Petition for a relative. My spouse entered illegally and has been here for 11 years we were married a year ago and have sent an I-130 last month and received and I797C receipt. I was wondering since we live in Texas and need to go to Corpus Christi is there and checkpoints back from Corpus to Austin, and if he gets picked up by immigration could he get deported? Does it help if he shows the I-797C Receipt showing we have already applied for a Green Card?